全文获取类型
收费全文 | 89702篇 |
免费 | 10056篇 |
国内免费 | 4746篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 6966篇 |
技术理论 | 1篇 |
综合类 | 6769篇 |
化学工业 | 17462篇 |
金属工艺 | 5684篇 |
机械仪表 | 5237篇 |
建筑科学 | 11071篇 |
矿业工程 | 1603篇 |
能源动力 | 6959篇 |
轻工业 | 7139篇 |
水利工程 | 1170篇 |
石油天然气 | 3936篇 |
武器工业 | 1384篇 |
无线电 | 6432篇 |
一般工业技术 | 10998篇 |
冶金工业 | 3784篇 |
原子能技术 | 1038篇 |
自动化技术 | 6871篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 249篇 |
2023年 | 1719篇 |
2022年 | 2902篇 |
2021年 | 3629篇 |
2020年 | 3786篇 |
2019年 | 3289篇 |
2018年 | 3118篇 |
2017年 | 3690篇 |
2016年 | 3786篇 |
2015年 | 3828篇 |
2014年 | 5710篇 |
2013年 | 5987篇 |
2012年 | 6588篇 |
2011年 | 6738篇 |
2010年 | 5027篇 |
2009年 | 5143篇 |
2008年 | 4482篇 |
2007年 | 5750篇 |
2006年 | 5145篇 |
2005年 | 4194篇 |
2004年 | 3508篇 |
2003年 | 2854篇 |
2002年 | 2450篇 |
2001年 | 2052篇 |
2000年 | 1551篇 |
1999年 | 1203篇 |
1998年 | 932篇 |
1997年 | 828篇 |
1996年 | 742篇 |
1995年 | 586篇 |
1994年 | 456篇 |
1993年 | 375篇 |
1992年 | 343篇 |
1991年 | 310篇 |
1990年 | 251篇 |
1989年 | 204篇 |
1988年 | 153篇 |
1987年 | 101篇 |
1986年 | 81篇 |
1985年 | 96篇 |
1984年 | 100篇 |
1983年 | 71篇 |
1982年 | 71篇 |
1981年 | 41篇 |
1980年 | 63篇 |
1964年 | 28篇 |
1963年 | 26篇 |
1961年 | 22篇 |
1959年 | 25篇 |
1955年 | 26篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 265 毫秒
11.
Yujie Chen Yiping Song Zhen Zhang Yali Chen Qiliang Deng Shuo Wang 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(41):2104885
Various products, including foods and pharmaceuticals, are sensitive to temperature fluctuations. Thus, temperature monitoring during production, transportation, and storage is critical. Facile indicators are required to monitor temperature conditions via color changes in real time. This study aimed to prepare and apply thiol-functionalized covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as a novel indicator for monitoring thermal history and temperature abuse. The COFs underwent obvious color changes from bright yellow to purple after exposure to different temperatures for varying durations. The reaction kinetics are analyzed under isothermal conditions, which reveal that the order of reaction rates is k−20°C < k4°C < k20°C < k35°C < k55°C. The activation energy (Ea) of the COFs is calculated using the Arrhenius equation as 50.71 kJ moL−1. The COFs are capable of sensitive color changes and offer a broad temperature tracking range, thereby demonstrating their application potential for the monitoring of temperature and time exposure history during production, transportation, and storage. This excellent performance thermal history indicator also shows promise for expanding the application field of COFs. 相似文献
12.
Sawao Honda Kento Nakashima Taketo Yoshida Yusuke Daiko Shinobu Hashimoto Yuji Iwamoto 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2021,104(2):1178-1187
To quantitatively investigate the initial crystallization of zeolite beta synthesized by direct heating, the extent of the reaction was precisely evaluated by X-ray diffraction measurements and Rietveld structural refinement, and a kinetic analysis of crystallization was performed using the Avrami-Erofe'ev equation. The activation energy for crystallization was lower than that for hydrothermal synthesis. Reaction and synthesis time curves revealed that the initial zeolite beta crystallization consisted of three stages. The first was an induction period with nucleation by the generation of building units and the formation of an initial coordinated structure. The second stage was crystal growth by a diffusion-controlled reaction, and the third stage involved slowing down of crystallization by the limitation of dehydrocondensation. These stages could be analyzed by calculation of the rate constant and Avrami exponent for each stage. 相似文献
13.
Wu Bin Ying Guyue Wang Zhengyang Kong Chen Kai Yao Yubin Wang Han Hu Fenglong Li Chao Chen Ying Tian Jiawei Zhang Ruoyu Zhang Jin Zhu 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(10):2009869
Polymeric elastomers play an increasingly important role in the development of stretchable electronics. A highly demanded elastic matrix is preferred to own not only excellent mechanical properties, but also additional features like high toughness and fast self-healing. Here, a polyurethane (DA-PU) is synthesized with donor and acceptor groups alternately distributed along the main chain to achieve both intra-chain and inter-chain donor-acceptor self-assembly, which endow the polyurethane with toughness, self-healing, and, more interestingly, thermal repair, like human muscle. In detail, DA-PU exhibits an amazing mechanical performance with elongation at break of 1900% and toughness of 175.9 MJ m−3. Moreover, it shows remarkable anti-fatigue and anti-stress relaxation properties as manifested by cyclic tensile and stress relaxation tests, respectively. Even in case of large strain deformation or long-time stretch, it can almost completely restore to original length by thermal repair at 60 °C in 60 s. The self-healing speed of DA-PU is gradually enhanced with the increasing temperature, and can be 1.0–6.15 µm min−1 from 60 to 80 °C. At last, a stretchable and self-healable capacitive sensor is constructed and evaluated to prove that DA-PU matrix can ensure the stability of electronics even after critical deformation and cut off. 相似文献
14.
Norman S. Allen Andrew P. Jones Christopher M. Liauw Michele Edge Klaus Keck-Antoine Joeng-Ho Yeo 《乙烯基与添加剂工艺杂志》2021,27(2):376-388
The thermal degradation of unstabilized polypropylene has been investigated under long-term processing (twin extruder) and thermal aging at 150°C, with additive concentration studies on combinations of an established hindered phenolic antioxidant (pentaerythritol tetrakis (3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate) [S1010] and two popular thioesters (distearyl-3,3′-thiodipropionate [DSTDP] and didodecyl-3,3′-thiodipropionate [DLTDP]) using melt flow rate, carbonyl index and powder diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (oxidation induction time [OIT]) and ultimate embrittlement time (Fracture) on injection-molded test pieces. It was found that 20:80 phenol:thioester ratios provided the best long-term thermal stability (LTTS); however, this was the reverse for processing stabilization (80:20), underlining the antioxidant nature of the two stabilizers (long term vs. melt). Melt preblending of the stabilizers (to form a no-dust blend) gave rise to improved LTTS. DRIFTS FTIR indicated that there was an improvement in preblending the additives, which removed any volatile impurities. Increased additive dispersion and localized potential efficacy in the stabilization cycle is important, as well as possible improved addition of the additives to the extruder rather than fine powder. The data are discussed in relation to the long-term stabilization of polypropylene in high-temperature applications such as under the bonnet of automobiles where minimizing stabilizer losses and maximizing synergy are important. 相似文献
15.
Jiatong Zhu Xuanyu Meng Ping Zhang Zhuolun Li Jie Xu Michael J. Reece Feng Gao 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2021,41(4):2861-2869
A series of rare earth zirconates (RE2Zr2O7) high-entropy ceramics with single- and dual-phase structure were prepared. Compared with La2Zr2O7 and Yb2Zr2O7, the smaller “rattling” ions (Yb3+, Er3+, Y3+) have been incorporated into pyrochlore lattice in (La0.2Nd0.2Y0.2Er0.2Yb0.2)2Zr2O7 (LNYEY) while larger ions (La3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+) incorporated into fluorite lattice in (La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Gd0.2Yb0.2)2Zr2O7 (LNSGY). Due to high-entropy lattice distortion and resonant scattering derived from smaller ions Yb3+, Er3+, and Y3+, LNYEY shows a lower glass-like thermal conductivity (1.62-1.59 W m-1 K-1, 100-600℃) than LNSGY (1.74-1.75 W m-1 K-1, 100-600℃). Moreover, LNYEY and LNSGY exhibit enhanced Vickers’ hardness (LNYEY, Hv = 11.47 ± 0.41 GPa; LNSGY, Hv = 10.96 ± 0.26 GPa) and thermal expansion coefficients (LNYEY, 10.45 × 10-6 K-1, 1000℃; LNSGY, 11.02 × 10-6 K-1, 1000℃). These results indicate that dual-phase rare-earth-zirconate high-entropy ceramics could be desirable for thermal barrier coatings. 相似文献
16.
采用裂解色谱(PY-GC-MS)、电子顺磁共振波谱(EPR)和红外光谱(FTIR)等技术手段,分析了Estonia油页岩中干酪根及其热解产物的结构特性,研究了不同温度下中间产物与最终产物的关联性。结果显示:油页岩热解符合干酪根热解为中间产物热沥青,热沥青再热解为页岩油、干馏气和半焦等产物反应路径,中间产物热沥青的生成趋势反映了终产物的生成速率变化;H2、CH4和C2~C5组分主要来自热沥青中脂肪烃的芳构化、芳香族化合物烷基侧链的断裂及含氧化合物的缩聚等,干酪根热解产生的烷烃和烯烃类化合物是产油气的主要组分。干酪根和页岩油的自由基自旋浓度明显低于热沥青和半焦;半焦g值最大,干酪根次之,热沥青和页岩油的g值偏低。 相似文献
17.
Ruixiang Yi Chao Chen Chen Shi Yuxiang Li Haijun Li Yibo Ma 《Ceramics International》2021,47(15):20807-20820
Brazing, as a common method of bonding ceramic and metal, has been applied in microelectronics, aerospace, machinery and other domains extensively. The residual thermal stress in the brazed joint has direct effects on the mechanical properties of the joint, so how to control the generation of residual thermal stress has become the vital point. In this paper, the methods of reducing residual thermal stress in the brazing process in recent years are reviewed. The generation and effects of residual thermal stress in the brazed joint are introduced. Besides, the methods of detecting residual thermal stress are discussed, and different methods of reducing residual thermal stress in brazed joints are also analyzed. Finally, the future development directions of reducing residual thermal stress in the brazed joint are proposed. 相似文献
18.
Fangjun Zhu You Shi Guorong Hu Zhongdong Peng Yanbing Cao Qian Sun Zhichen Xue Yinjia Zhang Ke Du 《Ceramics International》2021,47(3):3070-3078
Titanium and boron are simultaneously introduced into LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 to improve the structural stability and electrochemical performance of the material. X-ray diffraction studies reveal that Ti4+ ion replaces Li+ ion and reduces the cation mixing; B3+ ion enters the tetrahedron of the transition metal layers and enlarges the distance of the [LiO6] layers. The co-doped sample has spherical secondary particles with elongated and enlarged primary particles, in which Ti and B elements distribute uniformly. Electrochemical studies reveal the co-doped sample has improved rate performance (183.1 mAh·g-1 at 1 C and 155.5 mAh·g-1 at 10 C) and cycle stability (capacity retention of 94.7% after 100 cycles at 1 C). EIS and CV disclose that Ti and B co-doping reduces charge transfer impedance and suppresses phase change of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2. 相似文献
19.
Thermal and dynamic mechanical behavior of epoxy composites reinforced with post-consumed yerba mate
Roberta Motta Neves Andrielen Braz Vanzetto Lídia Kunz Lazzari Ademir José Zattera 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2021,138(20):50438
Yerba mate (YM) is widely consumed in Latin American countries, and its residues can be used as bio-resources such as reinforced in epoxy composites. The present work aims to produce epoxy resin composites and evaluate the influence of post-consumed YM as reinforcement. The concentrations of YM used were 5, 10, and 20% (wt/wt). Chemical, thermal, morphological, and dynamic mechanical behaviors were explored. The YM incorporation did not influence chemically on the epoxy structure and a pull-out phenomenon was observed as YM content increased. The YM at lower concentrations (5 and 10%) led to higher values of activation energies calculated from model-free isoconversional methods. On the other hand, the composite e/YM 20 wt% improved all dynamic-mechanical properties. YM proved to be a suitable and cheap reinforcement for epoxy resin. 相似文献
20.
Plant fiber reinforced polymer composites (PFRPs) in practical application are often subjected to both complex friction and variable temperature environments. The present work explores the possibility of reinforcing rice husk/polyvinyl chloride (RH/PVC) composites with basalt fibers (BF) for developing a new wear resistant material with improved thermal stability. The results showed that the structural strength and wear resistance of the composites increased at first and then decreased with an increasing ratio of BF/RH, the highest value occurred at a BF/RH ratio of 8/42. The thermal stability of composites had a positive relationship with BF/RH ratio. The composites added with BF all possessed improved performance in comparison with unadded composites. Hence, the findings of this article proposed some new perspectives on improving the wear resistance and thermal stability of PFRPs that would broaden their practical application. 相似文献